RESUMO A utilização de diferentes doses de herbicidas pode promover resposta fisiológica diferenciada em gramíneas do mesmo gênero. Este trabalho foi proposto com o objetivo de avaliar as respostas fisiológicas de B. ruziziensis e B. decumbens submetidas aos herbicidas glyphosate e fluazifop-p-butyl. Os tratamentos foram arranjados no esquema fatorial 2 x 6, com cinco repetições, sendo duas gramíneas (B. decumbens cv. Basilisk e B. ruziziensis) e seis doses dos herbicidas: 0,00, 0,25, 0,50, 1,00, 1,5 e 2,00 vezes a dose comercial indicada pelos fabricantes. Aos 7, 15, 21 e 30 dias após aplicação dos herbicidas (DAA), foi avaliada a eficiência de captação de energia luminosa sensíveis ao glyphosate que ao fluazifop-p-butyl. Com relação ao fluazifop-p-butyl, B. ruziziensis foi mais sensível que B. decumbens, e, aos 45 dias após o corte, B. decumbens submetida a doses de até 100 g ha-1 foi capaz de regenerar seu aparato fotossintético.

ABSTRACT Different doses of herbicides can promote a differentiated physiological response in grasses of the same genus. This study has been proposed in order to evaluate physiological responses of B. ruziziensis and B. decumbens submitted to glyphosate and fluazifop-p-butyl. Treatments were distributed in a 2 x 6 factorial design with five repetitions, being two grasses: B. decumbens cv. Basilisk and B. ruziziensis with six doses of herbicides: 0.00; 0.25; 0.50; 1.00; 1.5 and 2.00 times the commercial dose recommended by manufacturers. At 7, 15, 21, and 30 days after herbicide application (DAA) chlorophyll luminous energy uptake efficiency was evaluated. Plants subjected to glyphosate at 7 days after application (DAA) showed minimum fluorescence of 270 and 245 quantum-1 electrons to B. ruziziensis and B. decumbens, respectively, levels increased by 350% when compared to the control, and at 15 DAA the treated plants have completely dried up. At 15 DAA, both forage species submitted to the fluazifop-p-butyl showed a 25% reduction in Fv/Fm ratio compared with the control and there was no significant difference between the lowest and highest doses applied. B. ruziziensis and B. decumbens are more sensitive to glyphosate than fluazifop-p-butyl. Regarding fluazifop-p-butyl, B. ruziziensis was more sensitive than B. decumbens and at 45 days after cutting B. decumbens plants submitted to doses up to 100 g ha-1 were able to regenerate their photosynthetic apparatus.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a seletividade do capimbraquiária e do capim-ruziziensis, submetidos à aplicação de herbicidas em pósemergência. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial (8 x 2) + 2, sendo oito herbicidas: nicosulfuron, clomazone, glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen, lactofen, fomesafen, fluazifopp-butil e mesotrione, em duas espécies forrageiras, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk (capim-braquiária) e Brachiaria ruziziensis (capim-ruziziensis), mais duas testemunhas, sem aplicação dos herbicidas. Os herbicidas estudados apresentaram menor intoxicação nas plantas de capim-braquiária, quando comparadas às de capim-ruziziensis. O nicosulfuron e glyphosate promoveram maior intoxicação no capim-braquiária e capim-ruziziensis, em comparação aos demais herbicidas. O glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butil, mesotrione e nicosulfuron afetaram a relação fluorescência variável/fluorescência máxima (Fv/Fm) em ambas as espécies, indicando efeito na cadeia de transporte de elétrons promovido por esses herbicidas. Os resultados demonstraram que as plantas de capim-braquiária e capim-ruziziensis apresentam maior suscetibilidade ao glyphosate, fluazifop-pbutil + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butil, mesotrione e nicosulfuron.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted in order to evaluate the selectivity of signal grass and congo grass, submitted to post-emergence herbicide application. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions, in Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, and it was arranged in a randomized block design, with five replications. Treatments were set in factor scheme (8 x 2) + 2. Eight herbicides (nicosulfuron; clomazone; glyphosate; fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen; lactofen; fomesafen; fluazifop-p-butyl and mesotrione) were applied in doses recommended by the manufacturer on two fodder species: Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk (signal grass) and Brachiaria ruziziensis (congo grass); in addition, there were two control samples without herbicide application, for a total of 18 treatments. The evaluated herbicides showed less intoxication on signal grass when compared to congo grass. Nicosulfuron and glyphosate promoted higher intoxication on both species when compared to the other herbicides. Glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, mesotrione and nicosulfuron affected the ratio variable / maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) in both species, indicating an effect provided by these herbicides on the electron transport chain. Results demonstrated that signal grass and congo grass have higher susceptibility to glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, mesotrione and nicosulfuron. congo grass shows higher susceptibility to the studied herbicides when compared to signal grass.